BIOL 100. Introductory Biology (3)

Not for credit in Biology major. May not be taken for credit by students who have completed BIOL 101, BIOL 102, BIOL 106 or BIOL 107. Analysis of selected topics illustrating major biological concepts, including ecology, evolution, heredity and organismal and cellular structure and physiology. Primarily designed for non-science majors. Lecture 3 hours. (Students using this course to satisfy the Natural Sciences requirement in General Education may satisfy the corresponding lab requirement by completing BIOL 100L.)

BIOL 100L. Introductory Biology Lab (1)

Recommended Corequisite: BIOL 100. Not for credit in Biology major. Observations, experiments, demonstrations and required field trips to augment Introductory Biology. Emphasis on the methods of science, basic biological principles, the natural environment and the effects of human activity on the environment. Lab 3 hours. (May be used to satisfy the Natural Sciences lab requirement in General Education provided BIOL 100 is also completed.)

BIOL 101/L. General Biology and Lab (3/1)

Corequisite: BIOL 101L. Not for credit in Biology major and may not be taken for credit by students who have completed BIOL 106 or BIOL 107. Analysis of selected topics illustrating major concepts in biology, including evolution, environmental relationships, heredity, the cell, energetics and functions of living systems, and development. Available for General Education, Natural Sciences, if required in the major. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours. (Available for General Education, Natural Sciences if required by student’s major.)

BIOL 102/L. Biological Concepts and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisite: For Liberal Studies majors only or instructor consent. Corequisite: BIOL 102L. Not open for credit in the Biology major or for students who have already completed BIOL 100, BIOL 101, BIOL 106 or BIOL 107. Analysis of selected topics illustrating major biological concepts, including ecology, evolution, heredity, organismal and cellular structure, presented in the context of the Science Content Standards for California Public Schools. Some sections of this course may offer a community service opportunity with activities relating to concepts and theories presented. Check the schedule of classes for the CS designation. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 106/L. Biological Principles I and Lab (3/1)

Corequisite: BIOL 106L. Primarily for Biology majors. Half of a two-semester sequence that includes BIOL 107/L. Selected topics illustrating major concepts in biology, including the scientific process, heredity, evolution, taxonomy and systematics, ecology and animal behavior. Observations, experiments and demonstrations. Emphasis on unifying biological concepts and methods in science. (Available for General Education, Natural Sciences, if required in a student’s major.) Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 107/L. Biological Principles II and Lab (3/1)

Corequisite: BIOL 107L. Recommended Corequisite or Preparatory: CHEM 102/L. Half of a two-semester sequence that includes BIOL 106/L. Selected topics illustrating major concepts in biology, including biological chemistry, cells, molecular genetics, animal development and plant and animal physiology. Observations, experiments and demonstrations. Emphasis on unifying biological concepts and methods in science. (Available for General Education, Natural Sciences, if required in a student’s major.) Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 211. Human Anatomy (2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L. Corequisite: BIOL 212. Not for credit in Biology major. Survey of the gross anatomy and histology of the major human organ systems, including the muscle, skeletal, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, endocrine and reproductive systems. Lecture 2 hours.

BIOL 212. Laboratory Studies in Human Anatomy (1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L. Corequisite: BIOL 211. Not for credit in Biology major. Examination of the anatomy and histology of the major organ systems by dissection and microscopic study. Lab 3 hours.

BIOL 215/L. Introductory Microbiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L; CHEM 102/L or CHEM 104. Corequisite: BIOL 215L. Preparatory: BIOL 281 or CHEM 235. Introduction to the biology of major groups of microorganisms, including their role in infectious diseases, their role in nature and their relationship to humankind. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 241. Human Pregnancy and Embryology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 100 or BIOL 101/L or BIOL 102/L or BIOL 106/L or BIOL 107/L. Available for Biology minor credit but not for Biology major. Description of biological events leading up to ovulation, emission, conception, implantation and pregnancy, and the resulting stages of human development, including placenta development and birth, with a discussion of biological aspects of genetic counseling, birth defects, miscarriage and abortion. Lecture 3 hours. (Students using this course to satisfy the Natural Sciences requirement in General Education may satisfy the corresponding lab requirement by completing BIOL 241L.)

BIOL 241L. Human Pregnancy and Embryology Lab (1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 100/L or BIOL 101/L or BIOL 102/L or BIOL 106/L or BIOL 107/L. Recommended Corequisite: BIOL 241. Not for credit in Biology major. Observation of slides, preserved specimens and plastic models demonstrating male and female gamete production; changes of uterus and ovary during menstrual cycle and pregnancy; normal and abnormal human chromosomes; human blood groups leading to problem pregnancies; pregnancy tests; human development with emphasis on nervous system, eyes, heart, skeleton, external genitalia and internal sex organs. Lab 3 hours. (May be used to satisfy the lab requirement in Natural Sciences of General Education provided BIOL 241 is also completed.)

BIOL 281. Human Physiology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106 and BIOL 107/L. Survey of the physiology of nerve and muscle, as well as the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, endocrine and reproductive systems. Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 282. Lab Experiments in Human Physiology (1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L. Recommended Corequisite: BIOL 281. Selected lab experiments in human physiology. Lab 3 hours.

BIOL 285. Biology of Cancer (2)

Not for credit in Biology major. Study of the disease of cancer from a biological viewpoint, emphasizing the cellular, biochemical and environmental aspects of the disease with discussion on the types of cancer, their diagnosis and treatment. Lecture 2 hours. (Available for General Education, Lifelong Learning.)

BIOL 299A-C. Introduction to Biological Research (1-3)

Prerequisite: Instructor consent. Not for credit in Biology major. Introduction to original biological literature and the use of the scientific method in investigating biological problems. Under the guidance of a faculty mentor, students take part in individual lab or field studies, including the reading and discussion of the literature pertinent to the study. May be repeated, but no more than 3 units may be counted toward degree requirements. (Credit/No Credit only)

BIOL 312/L. Vertebrate Biology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisites: BIOL 312L, BIOL 392F. Introduction to the biology of vertebrates, including aspects of their evolution, ecology, life history and behavior. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 313/L. Invertebrate Zoology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisites: BIOL 313L, BIOL 392B. Biology and classification of the invertebrate animals, with emphasis on marine forms. Evolutionary and adaptive implications of form and function will be considered. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 315/L. Principles of Microbiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L, BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; CHEM 102/L. Corequisite: BIOL 315L. Preparatory: CHEM 333. Credit will not be allowed for both BIOL 215 and BIOL 315. Introduction to the biology of microorganisms with emphasis on the bacteria. General course designed for Biology majors and students who wish to pursue further study in microbiology or bacteriology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 316/L. Plant Biology and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 316L. Survey course covering those aspects of cytology, physiology, systematics, anatomy, morphology and ecology unique to plants. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 322. Evolutionary Biology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Introduction to the mechanisms of evolution, drawing heavily on relevant principles in ecology, population genetics and systematics. Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 323. Plants and Animals of Southern California (3)

Prerequisite: Completion of lower division writing requirement. Corequisite: BIOL 392E. For non-science majors to acquaint them with the classification, behavior, ecology and distribution of the more important plants and animals of Southern California. Lecture 3 hours. (Students using this course to satisfy a General Education requirement in Natural Sciences will satisfy the corresponding lab requirement by completing BIOL 392E.)

BIOL 325/L. Life in the Sea and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisite: Completion of lower division writing requirement. Not for credit in Biology major. From the shore to the depths, analysis of the diversity of life in the world’s oceans with emphasis on the Southern California biota. (Lecture and lab available for General Education, Natural Sciences.) (IC)

BIOL 326A-Z. Regional Excursions (1-4)

Prerequisite: Upper Division standing. Extended field excursions during vacation periods to selected regions of the world, emphasizing the United States and Mexico, for the study of the natural history of these regions.

BIOL 327. Ecology and People (3)

Prerequisite: Completion of the lower division writing requirement. Our influence on the environment and the influence of the environment on us. Lecture 3 hours. (Available for General Education, Lifelong Learning.) (IC)

BIOL 330/L. Design and Analysis of Experiments and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L, BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; One of the following: MATH 105, MATH 140 or MATH 255A. Corequisite: BIOL 330L. Structuring biological experiments to maximize useful results and presenting the results graphically and quantitatively. Although emphasis is placed on data collected during ecological field trips, other kinds of biological experiments are also analyzed. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 360. Genetics (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; CHEM 101/L or CHEM 103/L; MATH 105 or (MATH 102+104) or MPT2A; Completion of the lower division writing requirement. Role of genes in heredity, development, cellular metabolism and function of organisms; introduction of cytogenetics, genomics and molecular genetics; genetic basis of human disease, including cancer. Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 362/L. Genetics and Society Lab (3/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 100/L or BIOL 101/L or BIOL 102/L or BIOL 106/L or BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; Completion of the lower division writing requirement. Corequisite: BIOL 362L. Introduction to current topics in genetics and their impact on society and life, in language that is non-technical. Learn about the application of genetics to agriculture, environment, human health and medicine. Understand issues pertaining to genetic engineering, cloning, gene therapy, stem cells etc. Not for credit in Biology major. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours. (Lecture and Lab available for General Education, Natural Sciences.) (IC)

BIOL 375. Emerging Issues in Regenerative Medicine (3)

Prerequisite: Completion of lower division writing requirement. Basic concepts, experimental approaches and the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells, human adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine will be discussed in this course. The politics and ethics of this emerging field of medicine and how these will affect you will be a major component of this course. This course emphasizes active student participation. (Available for General Education, Lifelong Learning.) (IC)

BIOL 380. Cell Biology (3)

Prerequisites: Either BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; CHEM 102/L or CHEM 104. Preparatory: CHEM 235 or CHEM 333. Study of the organization of cells with emphasis on structure, chemical composition, bioenergetics, metabolism, regulation of the metabolism, cell differentiation and special cell functions. (BIOL 381 is required of Biology majors in B.S. Options I and IV.) Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 381. Cell Biology Lab (1)

Prerequisites: Either BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; CHEM 102/L or CHEM 104. Preparatory: CHEM 235 or CHEM 333. Recommended Corequisite: BIOL 380. Basic lab techniques in cell biology, including calorimetry and spectrophotometry, centrifugation, enzymological assays, respirometry, cell counting and molecular methods. Lab 3 hours. (Required of Biology majors in B.S. Options I and IV.)

BIOL 382/L. Human Anatomy and Physiology I and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. A consideration of the structure and workings of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems, with special reference to humans. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 383/L. Human Anatomy and Physiology II and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 382/L. A consideration of the structure and workings of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, endocrine and immune systems, with special reference to humans. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 392B-F. Field Studies in Biology (1)

3 hours per week or equivalent. Course Fee.

BIOL 404/L. Phycology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 404L, BIOL 492Y. Preparatory: BIOL 322. Study of the algae with emphasis on their systematics, morphology, physiology and ecology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 406/L. Flowering Plant Systematics and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisites: BIOL 406L, BIOL 492K. Classification, identification and evolutionary relationships of flowering plants. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 407/L. Plant Ecology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L, BIOL 107/L. All prerequisite courses must be passed with grades of “C” or better; BIOL 322. Corequisites: BIOL 407L, BIOL 492N. Examination of plants and their habitats from an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Concepts of adaptation, species diversity and biological change over time are stressed. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 408/L. Applied Microbiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 101/L or BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; BIOL 215/L or BIOL 315/L. Corequisite: BIOL 408L. Examination of the role of microbes and their control in the production and deterioration of foods, in industry, in agriculture, in waste disposal and in the production of energy. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 409/L. Non-Flowering Plants and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisites: BIOL 409L, BIOL 492J. The diversity of land plants other than angiosperms (mosses, ferns, conifers, etc.): their phylogeny, life cycles, ecological niches, biogeography, identification and comparative biology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 410/L. Medical Microbiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 315 and BIOL 380 passed with grades of “C” or better; BIOL 315L; CHEM 101/L or CHEM 103/L; MATH 105 or (MATH 102+104) or MPT2A; Completion of the lower division writing requirement. Corequisite: BIOL 410L. Study of microbial pathogens with emphasis on bacterial mechanisms of pathogenicity, diagnosis, chemotherapy and host interaction. Available for graduate credit. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 411/L. Animal Histology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 411L. Preparatory: CHEM 334. Microscopical and histochemical analysis of mammalian cells as organized into tissue and organ systems. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 412/L. Herpetology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 412L, BIOL 492E. Biology, ecology and evolution of amphibians and reptiles. Adaptive significance of form and function is stressed. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 413/L. Entomology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107L passed with grades of “C” or better; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 413L, BIOL 492AA. Biology and classification of insects with emphasis on phylogeny and on adaptive implications of morphology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 414/L. Avian Ecology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 414L, BIOL 492A. Consideration of the interactions between birds and their environment, including such topics as habitat requirements, resource utilization, species interactions, territoriality and reproduction. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 415/L. Mammalogy and Lab (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322. Corequisite: BIOL 492M. Classification, ethology and ecology of mammals. Adaptive and evolutionary significance of form and function are considered. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 417/L. Microbial Physiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 215/L or BIOL 315/L. Corequisite: BIOL 417L. Preparatory: CHEM 333; BIOL 380. Metabolism and special physiology of microbial forms of life, with special emphasis on the bacteria. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 418/L. Bacterial Diversity and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 315/L. Corequisite: BIOL 418L. Analysis of evolution, diversity and relationships among the bacteria, as illustrated by a detailed study of the more specialized groups of bacteria with regard to cell form, habitat and developmental abilities. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 419/L. Microbial Ecology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 315/L. Corequisites: BIOL 419L, BIOL 492C. Examination of the natural distribution of bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa in the biosphere and a study of the physical, chemical and biological factors that govern their distribution. Inquiry into the role of microbes as they interact directly and indirectly with higher organisms in the ecosystem. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 421/L. Marine Biology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisites: BIOL 421L, BIOL 492B. Preparatory: BIOL 322. Marine life of the world with special emphasis on the shore and shallow sea. Identification, distribution, physiological and morphological adaptation of marine forms. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 422/L. Physiological Ecology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 422L. Preparatory: BIOL 322. Study of physiological, morphological and behavioral responses of organisms to physical environmental factors such as temperature, light and water salinity. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 423. Field Ecology (2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 492F. Techniques used in studying population dynamics, the development and functioning of biological communities and the interaction among organisms in the natural environment. Lecture 2 hours.

BIOL 425. Animal Behavior (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Recommended Corequisite: BIOL 492D. Ecology, genetics and evolution of behavior in vertebrates and invertebrates with emphasis on organisms in their natural environment. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 426/L. Biology of Deserts and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L; BIOL 107/L. All prerequisite courses must be passed with grades of “C” or better; BIOL 322. Corequisites: BIOL 426L, BIOL 492P. Study of life in deserts with emphasis on the organisms of the deserts of Southwestern U.S.; structural, physiological and behavioral adaptations for survival; identification and ecology of desert organisms; techniques for studying desert ecology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 427/L. Principles of Ecology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322. Corequisites: BIOL 427L, BIOL 492H. Lectures summarize the major concepts and controversies of ecology. Discussions and activities focus on case studies from the classic and recent original literature. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 427A/AL. Biology of Pelagic Organisms and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 427AL, BIOL 492L. Survey of organisms occupying the open ocean environment; ecological, morphological and physiological adaptations of selected groups; population dynamics, community structure and fisheries biology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 428/L. Wildlife Ecology and Management and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L; BIOL 107/L. All prerequisite courses must be passed with grades of “C” or better; BIOL 322. Corequisites: BIOL 428L, BIOL 492W. Recommended Preparatory: BIOL 330/L. Study and application of ecological principles used in the management of wildlife. Practical examination of management techniques and tools used in monitoring and managing wildlife populations, include censusing techniques, measurement and analysis of vital rates, and population modeling techniques. Course is computationally and writing intensive. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 429/L. Marine Ecology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 429L, BIOL 492I. Marine community structure and dynamics. Study of the open seas, rocky and sandy shores, and bays are used to illustrate the basic features of marine communities. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 430/L. Ichthyology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 430L, BIOL 492BB. Biology, ecology and evolution of fish. Emphasis placed on adaptive significance of form and function. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 431/L. Food Microbiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 215/L, BIOL 315/L or equivalent. Corequisite: BIOL 431L. The biology, ecology and physiology of microorganisms associated with food and beverage production, preservation, spoilage, food borne illness and contamination control. Procedures and techniques for isolation, detection, identification and enumeration of food microorganisms. Methods and principles for controlling microbial contamination and preventing growth of undesirable microorganisms in raw and processed food. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 432/L. Comparative Anatomy and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 432L. Evolution of vertebrate structure. Comparative morphology and function of vertebrate systems. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 433/L. Biology of Marine Tetrapods and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 433L. Recommended Preparatory: BIOL 322. Several groups of reptiles, birds and mammals exhibit many specializations for living in the marine realm. These animals are secondarily adapted to the marine environment, having evolved from terrestrial ancestors. This course will explore the evolution, diversity, ecology and morphological and physiological adaptations of these animals. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 434/L. Ecology of Marine Fishes and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 430/L, BIOL 492BB. Corequisites: BIOL 434L, BIOL 492Q. Species assemblages, general ecology, adaptations and behavioral ecology of near shore marine fishes. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 435/L. Parasitology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 106/L and BIOL 107/L passed with grades of “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 435L. Study of the biology of parasites and other symbionts. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 437/L. Biology of Fungi and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 315/L; BIOL 380; CHEM 333. Corequisites: BIOL 437L; BIOL 492V. Recommended Preparatory: BIOL 407/L; BIOL 492N. A survey of the diversity of fungi, their phylogeny, genetics, structure, life cycles, habitats, mutualisms, pathogenesis and laboratory identification. Field trips are conducted to collect macroscopic and microscopic fungi as well as mutualistic and non-human pathogenic microscopic fungi. Macroscopic fungi from field trips are identified in the teaching lab using standard manuals while microfungi are stained and characterized microscopically; reference cultures will be used when natural isolates are unavailable. Samples will be grown and observed for culture characteristics, biochemistry and morphology. In the laboratory section, students will perform basic genetics and physiology experiments using yeast and bioluminescent fungi as model organisms. This course may be taken for graduate credit. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 438/L. Tropical Botany and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: Students taking this course must also be enrolled in other linked courses that are part of the Tropical Biology semester (BIOL 439/L, BIOL 446/L, BIOL 448, BIOL 449 as offered). Preparatory: BIOL 312, BIOL 316, BIOL 330, BIOL 427. Intensive, hands-on immersion into the biology of tropical plants, including tropical plant anatomy, architecture, morphology, biochemistry, reproduction, systematics and evolution. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 439/L. Tropical Ecology and Conservation and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: Students taking this course must also be enrolled in other linked courses that are part of the Tropical Biology semester (BIOL 438/L, BIOL 446/L, BIOL 448, BIOL 449 as offered). Preparatory: BIOL 312, BIOL 316, BIOL 330, BIOL 427. Intensive, hands-on immersion in the ecology and conservation of tropical organisms and ecosystems. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 441/L. Embryology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisite: BIOL 360 or BIOL 380. Corequisite: BIOL 441L. Cellular, physiological and anatomical aspects of embryonic development with emphasis on vertebrates. Mechanisms of morphogenesis and differentiation. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 442/L. Developmental Biology and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360 and BIOL 380; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 442L. The mechanisms of cell and organ differentiation in animals (e.g., Caenorhabditis) and plants (e.g., Arabidopsis). The majority of topics involve working with mutants and wildtypes on the relationship between genetics and phenotypes. Some lab projects will use RNA-interference technologies. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 444. Biology of Viruses (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360 and BIOL 380; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Comparative survey of the structure, gene expression and replication of viruses. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 446/L. Biology of Tropical Vertebrates and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: Students taking this course must also be enrolled in other linked courses that are part of the Tropical Biology semester (BIOL 438/L, BIOL 439/L, BIOL 448, BIOL 449 as offered). Preparatory: BIOL 312, BIOL 316, BIOL 330, BIOL 427. Intensive, hands-on immersion into the biology of tropical vertebrates, including morphology, behavior, ecology, systematics and evolution. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 447/L. Full Immersion Research Experience (FIRE) and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 380; CHEM 333, 334; PHYS 100A, PHYS 100B. Corequisite: BIOL 447L. Innovative undergraduate experience in creativity that invites participants to engage scientific research in its fullness as co-learners. Student-initiated ideas ascend through a system of collaborative and independent strategies involving peer review, recitation, tutorials, experimental work and oral and written communication. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 448. Tropical Biodiversity (2)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: Students taking this course must also be enrolled in other linked courses that are part of the Tropical Biology semester (BIOL 438/L, BIOL 439/L, BIOL 446/L, BIOL 449 as offered). Preparatory: BIOL 312, BIOL 316, BIOL 330, BIOL 427. Examination of the generation and maintenance of biodiversity, with particular reference to tropical groups of organisms. Lectures, discussions and intensive hands on field experience.  Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 449. Seminar on Topics in Tropical Biology (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322. Corequisites: Students taking this course must also be enrolled in other linked courses that are part of the Tropical Biology semester (BIOL 438/L, BIOL 439/L, BIOL 446/L, BIOL 448 as offered). Preparatory: BIOL 312, BIOL 316, BIOL 330, BIOL 427. Seminar addressing topics in tropical biology in the context of physical science, culture and politics.

BIOL 451. Tropical Biology (3)

Prerequisites: Biology major, BIOL 322 or equivalent; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Preparatory: At least one course that deals with the evolution and ecology of a major group of organisms. Examination of life functions and biotic interactions under conditions occurring in low latitude environments. Emphasis on characteristics and evolution of tropical biotas and their significance in relation to the total biosphere. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 452/L. Molecular Markers in Evolutionary Studies and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 322 and BIOL 360; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 452L. The use of molecular data in ecology and evolutionary biology. Material will cover techniques and applications of molecular data in conservation, behavior, ecology, population biology, evolution and systematics. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 453/L. Behavioral Ecology and Lab (2/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisites: BIOL 453L, BIOL 492Z. Study of the interactions between individuals and the environment. Emphasis placed on the behavioral adaptations of animals. Lecture 2 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 456. Conservation Biology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 322 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 492O. Application of ecological and evolutionary principles to problems in environmental biology. Factors affecting biodiversity and causes of species extinction receive particular attention. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 461. The Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360, BIOL 380; CHEM 333; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Discussion of the molecular structure of the gene, the chemistry of gene action, mutagenic agents and genetic control mechanisms in microorganisms. Emphasis placed on experimental basis for current concepts in molecular genetics. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 462. Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotic Organisms (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360, BIOL 380; CHEM 333, CHEM 334; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Examination of the structure and function of chromatin, the structure of DNA and its associated proteins in chromosomes, replication of DNA and chromatin, transcription, RNA processing, recombination and the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 464. Human Biochemical Genetics (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360; CHEM 461 and CHEM 462, or CHEM 365; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Focus on different sources of human biochemical defects, the detection of such disorders and their treatment. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 466. Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 315/L and BIOL 360; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Study of the genetic systems found in bacteria, including transformation, conjugation and transduction. Viral replication, recombination and interaction with their bacterial hosts are investigated from a genetic perspective. Transposable elements, plasmids and other selected topics of current interest in this field are explored. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 467/L. Bacterial Genetics and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 315/L. Corequisite: BIOL 467L. Recommended Preparatory: BIOL 380; CHEM 333. A survey of the genetic systems found in bacteria and their viruses including, transformation, conjugation, transduction, mutant isolation, complementation, plasmids, transposons, gene expression and regulation. Viral replication, recombination and interaction with their bacterial hosts are investigated from a genetic perspective. The laboratory consists of bacterial genetic experiments to reinforce understanding of the lecture material utilizing semester-long projects involving current research of the faculty. This course may be taken for graduate credit. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 468. Human Genetics (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360; MATH 105 or MATH 140 or score on Mathematics Placement Test (MPT) sufficient for admission to MATH 255A. Study of variation and heredity in humans. Includes immunogenetics, polygenic inheritance and population genetics, as well as abnormalities of chromosomes and metabolism and their consequences. Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 469. Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Chemistry (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360; MATH 105 or MATH 140 or a score on the Mathematics Placement Test (MPT) sufficient for admission to MATH 255A; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Survey of principles and applications in molecular research and clinical chemistry. Topics include analytical techniques and instrumentation in the detection of biological molecules, and pathophysiology. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 470. Biotechnology (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 360. Recommended Corequisite or Preparatory: BIOL 380. Application of organisms, biological systems and processes to manufacturing and service industries. Role of microorganisms in industrial, agricultural and pharmaceutical processes, biologically produced sources of energy, single cell protein, waste management, mining and other areas. Impact of genetic engineering; enzyme biotechnology; recent advances in the genetics and physiology of industrial microorganisms for strain improvement. Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 471A. Molecular Diagnostics (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360; MATH 105 or MATH 140 or score on the Mathematics Placement Test (MPT) sufficient for admission to MATH 225A; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Survey of current techniques, applications and goals of molecular genetics research, including cloning strategies and techniques, genetic engineering techniques, progress in the Human Genome Project and related work, gene therapy and ethical ramifications. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 472/L. Recombinant DNA Techniques and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360 and CHEM 102/L; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 472L. Preparatory: BIOL 380. Handling and processing of recombinant DNA, including DNA isolation, use of restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, ligation, cloning, blots, hybridization and associated microbiological techniques. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 473. Clinical Cytogenetics and Cancer Genetics (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 468. Examination of the cytogenetics of human cancers and of hereditary predisposition to cancer, including rare and common familial cancer syndromes, risk assessment and surveillance, epidemiology and current research, ethics and genetic counseling in genetic risk assessment for cancer. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 475/L. Biological Imaging and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisite: BIOL 380 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 475L. Theoretical and practical aspects of imaging as applied to cellular and molecular biology, biotechnology and histology. Covers transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy, including confocal microscopy, as well as MRI, PET and CAT scanning. Computer image processing and analysis, and the use of ultramicrotomy, fluorescent labels and immunochemistry to study macromolecules, cells and tissues will also be studied. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 476. Topics in Stem Cell Biology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360, BIOL 380. Student analyses of novel biological methods associated with emerging stem cell technologies. Topics will include types and development of stem cells, a detailed examination of relevant stem cell techniques and the ethical issues surrounding this technology. Not available for graduate credit.

BIOL 477/L. Cell and Tissue Culture and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisite: BIOL 380 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 477L. Preparatory: BIOL 315/L. Theoretical and practical studies of animal and plant cell cultures. Techniques for primary and continuous cultures and the production of hybridomas and monoclonal antibodies are covered. Other topics include cell culture storage, karyotyping, somatic embryogenesis, cytodifferentiation and application of cell cultures in solving biological problems. Lectures and labs are highly integrated. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 479. Endocrinology (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 380 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Preparatory: BIOL 281 or BIOL 482. A comprehensive study of the organization and function of the major endocrine organs. Lectures will focus on the hormonal control mechanisms that regulate metabolism, reproduction, development and growth. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 480/L. Cellular Physiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 380 and CHEM 334; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Corequisite: BIOL 480L. In-depth consideration of cellular physicochemistry, including organellar structure, composition and function, macromolecular biosynthesis, metabolism, membrane transport and bioelectric phenomena. 8 class hours of integrated lecture and lab. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 482/L. Animal Physiology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisite: BIOL 380. Corequisite: BIOL 482L. Preparatory: PHYS 100A/AL; PHYS 100B/BL; CHEM 334. Examination of the processes and mechanisms by which organisms maintain themselves and interact with their environment. Adaptive significance of physiologic mechanisms is treated under certain topics. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 483/L. Principles of Neurophysiology and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisite: BIOL 380 or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Preparatory: BIOL 480 or BIOL 482; CHEM 334; PHYS 100A, PHYS 100B. Recommended Corequisite: BIOL 483L. Examination of the structure, function and physiological principles of the nervous system. Surveys neuroanatomy, molecular neurobiology, sensory reception and relevant human neurological disorders. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 485/L. Immunology with Serology Lab (2/2)

Prerequisite: BIOL 380. Corequisite: BIOL 485L. Preparatory: BIOL 381. Study of the immune response examining humoral and cellular immunity, the nature, structure and reactions of antigens and antibodies, mediators of immunity, hypersensitivity and immuno-hematology. The lab emphasizes the principles and uses of serological methods for evaluation of the immune response. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 487/L. Hematology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 380; CHEM 334. Corequisite: BIOL 487L. Histological, biochemical and clinical diagnostic study of blood, blood cell formation, iron metabolism, blood pathology and practical lab technology. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 489. Cellular Immunology (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 485. Advanced studies on the cellular interactions and mechanisms of the immune response, including clinical aspects of cell-mediated reactions and immunologic disorders. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 490. Tutorial Studies (1)

Prerequisite: With consent of instructor, open to senior Biology majors. Supervised individual projects involving reading and discussion, lab research or field studies in specific areas of biology. May be repeated for a maximum of 3 units. Does not carry graduate credit toward the M.S. degree in Biology.

BIOL 492A-Z. Field Studies in Biology (1-2)

The 400-level courses are available for graduate credit. Course fee.

One unit each, 3 hours per week or equivalent:

Two units each, 6 hours per week or equivalent:

BIOL 493. Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis (3)

Prerequisite: BIOL 315/L and BIOL 380; or enrollment in the Biology M.S. program. Preparatory: BIOL 410/L. Intensive study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis, including the contribution of the host response, with emphasis on recent developments and comparative principles. Lecture 3 hours. Available for graduate credit.

BIOL 495A-E. Directed Undergraduate Research (3)

Designed for students of advanced rank and proven competence in Biology. Program of original research, culminating in a written report, to be carried out with one of the Biology faculty. May be repeated for credit but no more than 3 units may be applied to the elective section of options that allows its use.

BIOL 496A-Z. Experimental Topics in Biology (2-4)

Special studies in Biology with topics to be determined.

BIOL 497EE. Supervised Off-Campus Experiential Education (1-6)

Not for graduate credit toward M.S. degree in Biology. Student work experiences that are planned, organized and evaluated by faculty in cooperation with organizations other than the University’s academic departments. No remuneration for this work may be received in addition to academic credit. Academic Internship course. (Credit/No Credit only)

BIOL 498. Senior Thesis (2)

Prerequisites: Senior standing in Biology; Consent of instructor. Recommended Corequisite or Preparatory: BIOL 330, BIOL 499. Student selects and does original research on a topic of current biological interest in consultation with a sponsoring faculty member. Results of this research are presented both orally and in a written report in scientific format.

BIOL 499. Independent Study (1-3)

Not for graduate credit toward M.S. degree in Biology. Maximum of 3 units of Independent Study may be applied to satisfy unit requirements of elective areas for the baccalaureate degree in Biology.

BIOL 502. Biometry (3)

Application of quantitative methods to variation patterns in biological systems, their analysis and interpretation. Lecture 3 hours.

BIOL 502L. Biometry Lab (1)

Corequisite: BIOL 502. Students have supervised time to work problem sets. Lab 3 hours.

BIOL 503/L. Bioinformatics and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 360, BIOL 322. Corequisite: BIOL 503L. Bioinformatics tools (statistics and computer analysis) and their application to molecular data analysis. Lecture 3 hours, computer lab 3 hours.

BIOL 532/L. Advanced Ichthyology and Lab (3/1)

Prerequisites: BIOL 430/L; BIOL 492BB; Graduate standing. Corequisite: BIOL 532L. Advanced topics in ichthyology and fisheries biology. Advanced biosystematics of fishes; reproduction; age and growth; ecology, including feeding and community structure. Lecture 3 hours, lab 3 hours.

BIOL 551/L. Computer Modeling in Biology and Lab (2/2)

Prerequisites: BIOL 322, BIOL 360. Corequisite: BIOL 551L. Selected topics illustrating methods of computer modeling of biological systems. Students will be introduced in lecture and in computer laboratories to programming skills related to biological sciences and statistical analysis, including population genetics, cellular and molecular biology, physiological biology and ecology. Emphasis on understanding the role that computer modeling and analysis can play in research questions. Lecture 2 hours, lab 6 hours.

BIOL 595A-Z. Experimental Topics (1-3)

Experimental Topics

BIOL 615A-G. Seminar in Organismal and Population Biology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 691; One or more 400-level courses in the area of specialization; Graduate status. Advanced study, including student preparation and presentation of reports, in one of the following areas of biology:

BIOL 655A-J. Seminar in Cellular and Molecular Biology (3)

Prerequisites: BIOL 691; One or more 400-level courses in the area of specialization; Graduate status. Advanced study, including student preparation and presentation of reports, in one of the following areas of biology:

BIOL 691. Graduate Proseminar (3)

Recommended to be taken early in the graduate program in preparation for further graduate coursework and the presentation of papers at professional meetings. Preparation and presentation of seminars based on current literature in biology.

BIOL 692. Biology Colloquium (1)

Guest lecturers (contemporary researchers) presenting talks on a variety of topics in biological research. Each presentation will be followed by discussion involving student participation. (Credit/No Credit only)

BIOL 695A-Z. Experimental Topics (1-3)

Experimental Topics

BIOL 696A-E. Directed Graduate Research (3)

Designed for M.S. students conducting thesis research. May be repeated for credit but no more than 6 units may be applied to the M.S. degree.

BIOL 698. Thesis (3)

Prerequisites: Classified status in Biology; Consent of instructor. Preparing and writing the master’s thesis. May be repeated for a maximum of 18 units.

BIOL 699. Independent Study (1-6)

Independent Study